Hydrochloric acid is present in many industrial processes and can be found in our own bodies.
Hydrochloric acid is extremely corrosive and toxic in its natural form. It has a yellow color and comes in liquid form.
In the human body, it is found in gastric juice, where it is mainly responsible for the digestion of proteins. In our bodies, the walls that hold the gastric juice protect the other organs from its corrosive action; however, when it comes into contact with the body, is inhaled or is swallowed, it is highly harmful to health and can even be fatal.
It is also widely used in industrial processes, such as the manufacture of hydrochlorides, pharmaceuticals, cleaning products and foods.
Properties
Classified as an inorganic compound, it is an extremely strong acid with a high degree of ionization. Its natural state is liquid, with a yellow color, and it is extremely toxic and corrosive, so it should only be handled with proper safety equipment.
It is soluble in water.
Precautions
Before handling this type of chemical, you should know its hazards and symptoms so that, in the event of accidental contact, you can seek a specialist doctor.
On contact with the skin, it causes burns and irritation.
On contact with the eyes, it causes severe irritation and can lead to blindness.
When inhaled in excess, it causes irritation and injury to the upper airways.
If swallowed, it causes corrosion of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, leading to vomiting, bleeding, diarrhea and circulatory problems. It can be fatal.
In case of continuous exposure: it attacks the mucous membranes, causing dermatitis and conjunctivitis. It can cause bleeding gums, gastritis and nosebleeds. Photosensitization may also be a symptom.
Industrial Applications
Hydrochloric acid is usually sold only at a concentration of 37% by mass and can be used for the following applications:
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Cleaning Products: Used in cleaning products for construction sites, homes, tools and machinery. It may also be sold under the name "muriatic acid".
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Pharmaceutical products: It is used to produce soluble hydrochlorides found in medicines for the treatment of typhoid fever and smallpox, for example.
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Food processing: It is used to balance the pH of some foods or in the hydrolysis of starch and proteins, for example.
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Metal Pickling: Because it is highly corrosive, hydrochloric acid is used to clean many types of metals before they are processed, removing rust and other impurities from the surface.
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Source: Brasil Escola