Sodium Hydroxide, commonly known as Caustic Soda, is a chemical widely used in industry, mainly as a base, to manufacture many products we use every day, such as fabrics, paper, detergents, biodiesel and even food.
It is highly reactive and is produced by the electrolysis of Sodium Chloride, also called Brine Electrolysis, in which a large amount of heat is released along with Na+ and OH- ions.
The chemical equation for this reaction in the laboratory is: 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
Properties of Sodium Hydroxide:
• pH: 13 to 14 • Density: 2.3 g/cm3 • Melting point: 318 °C • Boiling point: 1,388 °C • Molar mass: 39.997 g/mol • Appearance: white and crystalline • Physical state: solid at room temperature • Soluble in water and hygroscopic
Although Sodium Hydroxide is used at home to unclog drains, it should only be handled by properly protected professionals and with great care, as it can be harmful to human health. If swallowed, it can cause irreversible damage to the gastrointestinal system, and when inhaled it causes irritation, or even death if the amount is large.
Always keep the product away from children and, when handling it, always wear gloves, masks and long-sleeved clothing to avoid skin contact.
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